The Blue Spider case study - 1040 Words

The Blue Spider Project Case Study Questions Question 1. If you were Gary Anderson, would you have accepted this position after the director stated that this project would be his baby all the way? Answer: Yes, I will because this is a good chance to help me raise my current position. Before I apply for this position, I got MBA degrees before 1995. I have been a production engineer last several years and prepared to be a project manager. Question 2. Do engineers with MBA degrees aspire to high positions in management? Answer: Yes. High position managers will required more human skills than technical skills. MBA course is training managers’ leadership skills, teamwork skills, and conflict resolution skills which are very important†¦show more content†¦Did Gary understand production operations? Answer: He understands some production operations but not enough. Although he came from a technical engineer which means he knew the processes. However, he could not make a schedule and control the production operations well and cause some problems. Question 14. Are functional employees authorized to make project decisions? Answer: No, normally they cannot. Functional employees should listen to their leaders or managers. However, they could advice their manager or if leaders have been authorization them to do that. Question 15. On Ramp;D projects, should profits be booked periodically or at project termination? Answer: It should been done after project. The reason is normally managers got the data after Ramp;D projects before they make the decision of profit. The profit was not certain before and during Ramp;D projects. Question 16. Should a project manager ever censor bad news? Answer: No, they should not. Bad news will affect employees and they cannot focus on their job. Project managers should control what kind of information their team members head for project office. Question 17. Could the above-mentioned problems have been resolved if there had been a singular methodology for project management in place? Answer: Probably not. This is a large project and singular methodology is not enough to solve all the issues. Project manager have to deal with different type of problem and they probably shouldShow MoreRelatedThe Blue Spider Project: Case Study1413 Words   |  6 PagesMajor Constraints The Blue Spider Project was a very troublesome and chaotic endeavor that caused much grief and trouble for the people at Parks. Gary, the manager of this program received much of the blame for many of the projects shortcomings. The shortcomings experienced by Gary and the rest of the employees at Parks, were dictated by the constraints of the project. The projects main constraint was the need to develop a means to improve the Blue Spider Missiles functionality up to 145 degreesRead MoreCase Study - the Blue Spider Project3812 Words   |  16 PagesCase Study – The Blue Spider Project 1. Discuss the project management organization on the project. Strengths? Weaknessess? Recommendations. Parks Corporation used a matrix project management organization on the Blue Spider Project. It was a multi-disciplinary team where the members came from different functional units such as Research and Development, Engineering, Manufacturing, Quality Control, Purchasing, and Finance. Gary Anderson, the Project Manager, was responsible for the project but hisRead MoreBlue Spider Project Case Studies1764 Words   |  8 PagesReport of the lessons learnt in the Blue Spider Project Case studies. The Blue Spider Project that Gary Anderson managed for Parks Corporation was a good example of an unsuccessful project. There were many aspects that increased project risk and contributed to the problems encountered. Some of those problems could have been prevented or resolved if Gary Anderson applied proper project management methodology. In any project, one of the most important success factor is the project manager beingRead MoreThe Evolution Of Color Vision1380 Words   |  6 Pagesstimulating environment for the perception of that one individual. Ultimately, color vision is an important trait in all primates regardless of their environment or specific group Most species of primates see in trichromatic vision thus seeing shades of blue, green, and red (Regan et al., 2005). This is the same type of vision that humans have (Surridge, Osorio, Mundy, 2003). However, in comparison to the other primates, trichromatic vision is the minority in New World primates (Regan et al., 2005).Read MoreNature Of A Man By Robert Frost1279 Words   |  6 Pagesof modern poetry and 19th century works. In most of his poetry, he uses simple meter and verse. Frost believed that the form of a poem showed the context, therefore his poems were written in simple form to show conversation and interaction in most cases. Also, he believed that the writer and the thinker be set apart. In a 1932 letter to Sydney Cox, Frost explained his conception of poetry: â€Å"The objective idea is all I ever cared about. Most of my ideas occur in verse.... To be too subjective withRead MoreThe Blue Spider Project Essays1054 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Blue Spider Project 6. Is it true when you enter project management, you either go up the organization or out the door? Yes that is the truth, because there are only two places you can go from program management, namely up to the organization or out the door. There are only very few engineers who failed in program management and permitted to return to the project. In real life, failing managing a project means you will get fired in most cases. In this case the project manager should countRead MoreMarvel Case1083 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study – Marvel Entertainment Industry Analysis Comic Book Industry: The comic book industry contains comic or comicbooks that contain narrative artwork in the form of separate panels that represent individual scenes often accompanied by dialog boxes. The first comic book appeared in the United States in 1933 usually appearing in the earlier newspapers comic prints. The reason for the name â€Å"comic book† came from the use of humor comic strips in newspapers. However most modern comicRead MoreA Kid s Guide Bird Of Indiana1524 Words   |  7 Pagesgive you those pieces of information, along with a bunch of other cool facts! After reading this book, you will be able to identify ten of the most common butterflies in Indiana: the Buckeye, the American Snout, the Cabbage White, the Eastern Tailed-Blue, the Monarch, the Silver-spotted Skipper, the Question Mark, the Pearl Crescent, the Black Swallowtail, and the Red-spotted Purple. Soon, you’ll be on your way to becoming a butterfly expert! Basic Butterfly Information Before you learn about IndianaRead MoreBlue Spider Project2631 Words   |  11 PagesAnderson. Gary was an outstanding production engineer and was promoted to senior scientist responsible for all RD acitivities performed in the Mechanical Engineering department. In January 1978, Parks Corporation decided to bid for Phase I on the Blue Spider Project, with Lord Industries as the prime contractor for the Army’s Spartan Program. The project was to improve structural capabilities and the age life of the short range tactical missile, which was exhibiting fatigue failure after 6 years inRead MoreForensic Entomology1730 Words   |  7 Pagesintoxicated with any substances. Insects are also prime examples of Locards principle when solving a crime. The history of forensic entomology dates back to as early as the thirteenth century, and is still been developed today. There have been many cases involving forensic entomology to help solve the crime as evidence, usually about eighty-five percent of all reported species in decomposition are insects.() It has come to be an enormous aspect in forensic science use as evidence. The first aspect

Veterans Suffering - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 866 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Veterans Essay Did you like this example? In high schools across the United States, army recruiters come and talk to students to persuade them on signing up, or to at least consider joining the army. The recruiters tell students that joining the army can help develop new job skills which will later help after leaving the force or how joining the army can help pay college tuition. Recruiters tend to tell high school students all the benefits about joining the army, but what the students do not know is that they do not have a promise that they will come back home or that they will not develop any physical or mental disabilities; if students were to look at the media they would be better informed in the effects of soldiers during and after war. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Veterans Suffering" essay for you Create order Army campaigns tend to promise college tuition, affordable housing, job skills and many other things, but the media shows that most veterans experience homelessness, mental and physical disabilities, and some can not get a job. The medias portrayal of soldiers accurately expresses the difficulties soldiers have to deal with when returning from war. Troops are leaving the military with permanent injuries, injuries that stop veterans from maintaining a job. Veterans who come home with permanent injuries have to rely on the government to survive, and the government is not making it any easier on veterans. The Department of Veterans Affairs issued unnecessary medical reexaminations on veterans to allow them to continue receiving benefits, and although the reexaminations were a waste of money the overall benefits for veterans did not change (Davidson). Veterans should not have to jump through hoops just to receive the benefits they are qualified for under law. The reexaminations were just another problem added on to the list of difficulties disabled veterans already have to deal with. The media accurately displays the way soldiers suffers not only physically, but also mentally after returning from the battlefield. During wartime many soldiers go through traumatic events that later lead to problems, and the media often shows what they go through and advertises how to help our soldiers. In the short story The Prisoners, it tells about the horrible things a young soldier had to go through at a war camp, if a person were to experience what the character dealt with, whomever would return with some kind of trauma (Travers). A nationwide media outlet, CNN, provided an article which found that, A disproportionate number have come back with mental health challenges like anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder, research shows. The number of suicides for veterans of these wars has reached a record (Christensen). Becoming informed with how to help soldiers is now easier due to the amount of articles media outlets have provided online. Nationwide media sources provide information to the public on the amount of soldiers that suffer even after war; this way people become better informed on how to help soldiers with mental illnesses by the amount of easily accessible media sources. Not only are veterans suffering in the inside, some veterans still have difficulty finding a home when returning from battlefields. Homeless veterans are a significant problem in the United States, and media outlets accurately portray information on how cities are helping with this problem. Media outlets often express concern towards homeless veterans and what cities are sheltering veterans. In Jacksonville, Florida, a non-profit local organization is planning on building small homes that will shelter once-homeless veterans (Clark). This organization will build possibly twenty or more homes in their neighborhood. Any media source, nationwide or local, helps to contribute information on which organizations are helping veterans. In Los Angeles, a vast majority of homeless people are veterans and the city is helping with providing a shelter towards veterans (VHA Office of Mental Health). Homeless people are often seen in street corners or under bridges, often some hold signs saying they are veterans just to receive extra change from people; media outlets are informing society in ways they can help veterans who are not sheltered by providing information on how to help. Some soldiers do not have a home to come to when returning from war. Steve Estrine, a behavioral expert, wrote in his book, Service Delivery for Vulnerable Populations: New Directions in Behavioral Health, A number of studies have indicated that the risk factors for homelessness are the same among veteran and non [-] veteran populations: poverty, housing instability, joblessness or underemployment, substance abuse, mental illness, and medical problems (Estrine). The media is a big contributor on informing society about how soldiers are being treated in their own country. The media encourage the public to protect and provide for veterans. Media outlets further motivate the public to have a tete-a-tete with veterans. Veterans are suffering physically and mentally, and some still do not have a safe place to go to at night, and the media is representing all of this and providing information on how to help. Our veterans fought to defend our rights, now as a society, it is up to us to provide a safe home for the people that protected our home. Media sources, local or nationwide, accurately depict the way soldiers are being treated when returning home from war.

Theoretical Position Free Essays

Theoretical Position Learning Team B PSY/310 Sharon Cohen February 18, 2013 To learn more about the field of psychology it is first important for us to know more about psychology’s past, the psychologist who advanced this field of study and the theories that we are still building on or learning from to this day. Four men who made a great impact on the field of psychology, who may have worked together, and who may have even had drastically different theoretical positions are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James. In the following paper we will discuss these men and their passions as well as their differences. We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Position or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychoanalysis was the theoretical position that Sigmund Freud built and spent most of his life adding to. Psychoanalysis is a way to investigate the mind, especially of the unconscious mind; a therapy of neurosis inspired from the above method; a new stand-alone discipline who is based on the knowledge acquired from applying the investigation method and clinical experiences (freudfile, 2002-2013). Freud is the psychologist who we have to thank for most people believing therapy involves laying on a couch because during free association that is what Freud asked his patients to do, relax, and start talking (Goodwin, 2008). Freud was not the first to speak of the unconscious mind, but he is believed to be the one who made it famous. Freud, who is known for dream analysis and metapsychology, is also responsible for the ego, the id, and the superego. The ego, Freud believed, was conscious and unconscious lying in the center of our personality trying to maintain balance between the id and the superego (Goodwin, 2008). The id is our basic instincts, sex and aggression, whereas the superego would be considered our moral compass, both fight for what they need and contend with reality (Goodwin, 2008). The id is made up of sex and aggression because these two instincts do make up much of our lives and Freud devoted most of his life to exploring this. Sigmund Freud’s perspective concerning the causes and nature of human psychological functioning can be summed up in those two words: sex and aggression. Though most of Freud’s work has been disproven or scarred by the Freudian myths that surround him and his work, it is hard to not admire the advancements that have been made because of him. Even when his work was proven false, it meant that psychologists were examining his theories and possibly forming new theories of their own that will advance us even further into the future of psychology. Freud’s years of work put a new way of thinking into the head of society, and challenged the assumptions and suppositions of a changing world (Stevenson, 1998). Carl Gustav Jung made major contributions toward psychoanalysis, but it was not until after he abandoned Freud and psychosexuality that Jung would do his most revolutionary, controversial, and extraordinary work (www. nfoplease. com ). Jung was a creator of modern psychology, which explains how the human mind facilitates conversations between unconscious types of energies that move within the inside of all of us. The Jungian theory is based on two separate dimensions of human unconsciousness with just one persona, and one archetype of collective human unconsciousness (www. cgjungpage. org, 02/16/13). Personal unconsci ousness is any forgotten or repressed type of content that has actually been in a person’s material or mental life. Archetypes of material in the unconsciousness humans have are described as being patterns, symbols, and specific images in which a person can see in their fantasies and dreams that also can appear to them as a theme of a certain religion or mythology in our unconscious (www. psychological-musings. blogspot. com, 02/28/11). The archetypes of images in the unconscious, Jung theorized, mold the human unconscious personality, and this bond together with certain instincts to drive the human psyche. Jung described the human consciousness molds the ego according to Jung, the ego was developed in a person because of certain human responses to their environment but also because of a need to adapt to all demands that are formed in the world that surrounds them (www. cgjungpage. org , 02/16/13). Jung described archetypal images as being the transcendent, and described this as being the transcendent function, but he also viewed one’s own wholeness of their self as a type of union together with all immanent plus transcendent types of objects (www. infoplease. com). Jung also included that there is a need for humans to have internal feelings of harmony or a need to adapt internally by homeostasis within the human consciousness and unconsciousness. The unconscious human mind is what contains the specific materials which are needed or are necessary but could prerequisite the persons psychological health, and the conscious human mind will be what assesses both a primitive/spiritual but also a demonic/divine type of nature. There are tensions towards a person’s needs to obtain fulfillment but also the need to have social types of conformity plus cultural types of realities (www. gjungpage. org, 02/16/13). In this theory Jung acknowledged that one must, or has to adapt to their own persona so that they can be able to relate to others socially, but he wrote that there is a danger in which a person could become too identified with their own persona but not with their own individual self. Only a complete individual can truly find the meaning in t heir life, since consciousness will lead to the dissociation from human unconsciousness and this will absorb into the human mass mind (www. psychological-musings. blogspot. com 2011/02). To actually achieve the individuation type processes it will require the use of certain symbols as the vehicle in which there is an irrational type of union between opposite regions of human’s consciousness and unconsciousness (www. infoplease. com). In analytical psychology, Jung attempted to combine parts of modern psychology with ancient types of religious imagery by using a symbolic form of reinterpreting the Christian but also other types of religious traditions people may have. This eliminates the dogma but maintains archetypal formed materials that are derived from the human collective unconsciousness. These specific symbols of transcendence are what will facilitate the individuals synthesis of human consciousness and unconsciousness but will also provide a base for the persons’ spiritual meaning to life (www. psychological-musings. blogspot. com, 02/28/11). Alfred Adler examined personality around the same time as Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud. Adler had many different theories of the personality but what he truly stuck with was that a single drive or motivating force behind our behavior, claiming that the desire we have to fulfill our potentials becomes closer and closer to our ideals. Adler called this theory the Individual Psychology because he thought that each person was unique and that no one person were the same in that sense. Adler’s theory included these four aspects: the development of personality, striving towards superiority, psychological health, and the unity of personality. While Alfred was studying personality he came up with the term inferiority complex, this is described as feelings of lack of worth. Alfred wrote, â€Å"We all wish to overcome difficulties. We all strive to reach a goal by the attainment of which we shall feel strong, superior, and complete† (www. ndb. com). Along with inferiority complex, there was also the superiority complex where a person tried to conquer their inferiority complex by suppressing their existing feelings. Alfred believed that each person was trying to get over their feelings of inferiority in order to obtain the superiority. Alfred also came up with that each person claimed that they had an idea of what their perfect self would be like. He names this image the fictional finalism. Fictional finalism applies clearer direction to decisions that are to be made concerning oneself. Adler also believed that the unconscious and conscious worked in union with on another towards fictional finalism (www. muskingum. edu). Adler who was not very big in grouping people into categories came up with four main types of people; three out of four are negative. There is the ruling type, who likes to control people, the getting type who is passive and goes along with everyone else’s’ ideas, and not very inventive for themselves, the avoiding type who will isolate themselves in order to avoid defeat, and last but not least, the socially useful type, values having control over their lives and strive to go things for the sake of society. From reading those four types I have a pretty good guess that the first three were negative, and the last one was a positive type. William James is known as the founder of American Psychology, but if you ever brought this up to him he would pass on it and say that Dewey was the actual founder of American Psychology. None the less he was one of the most prominent American Psychologist in American history. He was a functionalist. His technique was to ask the very important question of â€Å"why† things are the way they are. His course of study was also to find out why a person was the way they were based on their environment. James (reprint edition 1950) stated â€Å"The phenomena are such things as we call Feelings, desire, cognitions, reasoning, decisions, and the like; and, such superficially considered, their variety and complexity is such as to leave a chaotic impression on the observer† (p 2). These are the very words from William James book The Principals of Psychology. Today’s psychologists would probably not refer to these emotions as a phenomenon. Nor would today’s psychologists refer to one’s feelings as superficial. William James is described as what is known as a functionalist. Functionalists want to know â€Å"Why† why people are the way they are. While most psychologists were interested in what was going on inside a person’s mind, Mr. James was looking outside a person’s mind, taking a look at a person’s environment. This was a unique strategy for its time. What I found interesting, while reading his studies, was that he referred to our memories as being â€Å"god given† for a psychologist to think in these terms there had to be a sort of open mindedness. At the same time though, there seemed to be a sense of individualism. He was the only one thinking this way. This, to me, was actually common within all psychologists. It seems that they all thought they were the only ones thinking in these terms at that time. Mr. James also believes that just because we are aware of a situation, doesn’t necessarily mean we will remember everything that is tied to it. He believes that we must live through and actually witness or take part in an event to actually have a memory of it. Once again, this goes back to one’s environment. What is the person surrounded by. References: (2002-2013) http://www. freudfile. org/psychoanalysis/definition. html Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. (David B. Stevenson, 1998) http://www. ictorianweb. org/science/freud/biography. html http://www. infoplease. com/encyclopedia/people/jung-carl-gustav. html (02/16/13),http://www. cgjungpage. org/index. php? option=com_content;task=view;id=743;Itemid=54 (02/28/11), http://psychological-musings. blogspot. com/2011/02/theoretical-positions-of-freud-jung. html Fisher, M. (2011, May). Alfred Adler. Retrieved from: www. muskingum. edu Alfred Adler. (2012). retrieved from: www. nndb. com Who Was Alfred Adler? (2008). retrieved from: www. alfredadler. org James, William Principles of Psychology The scope of psychology Reprint Edition (June 1st, 1950) Dover Publications How to cite Theoretical Position, Essay examples Theoretical Position Free Essays Theoretical Position Learning Team B PSY/310 Sharon Cohen February 18, 2013 To learn more about the field of psychology it is first important for us to know more about psychology’s past, the psychologist who advanced this field of study and the theories that we are still building on or learning from to this day. Four men who made a great impact on the field of psychology, who may have worked together, and who may have even had drastically different theoretical positions are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, and William James. In the following paper we will discuss these men and their passions as well as their differences. We will write a custom essay sample on Theoretical Position or any similar topic only for you Order Now Psychoanalysis was the theoretical position that Sigmund Freud built and spent most of his life adding to. Psychoanalysis is a way to investigate the mind, especially of the unconscious mind; a therapy of neurosis inspired from the above method; a new stand-alone discipline who is based on the knowledge acquired from applying the investigation method and clinical experiences (freudfile, 2002-2013). Freud is the psychologist who we have to thank for most people believing therapy involves laying on a couch because during free association that is what Freud asked his patients to do, relax, and start talking (Goodwin, 2008). Freud was not the first to speak of the unconscious mind, but he is believed to be the one who made it famous. Freud, who is known for dream analysis and metapsychology, is also responsible for the ego, the id, and the superego. The ego, Freud believed, was conscious and unconscious lying in the center of our personality trying to maintain balance between the id and the superego (Goodwin, 2008). The id is our basic instincts, sex and aggression, whereas the superego would be considered our moral compass, both fight for what they need and contend with reality (Goodwin, 2008). The id is made up of sex and aggression because these two instincts do make up much of our lives and Freud devoted most of his life to exploring this. Sigmund Freud’s perspective concerning the causes and nature of human psychological functioning can be summed up in those two words: sex and aggression. Though most of Freud’s work has been disproven or scarred by the Freudian myths that surround him and his work, it is hard to not admire the advancements that have been made because of him. Even when his work was proven false, it meant that psychologists were examining his theories and possibly forming new theories of their own that will advance us even further into the future of psychology. Freud’s years of work put a new way of thinking into the head of society, and challenged the assumptions and suppositions of a changing world (Stevenson, 1998). Carl Gustav Jung made major contributions toward psychoanalysis, but it was not until after he abandoned Freud and psychosexuality that Jung would do his most revolutionary, controversial, and extraordinary work (www. nfoplease. com ). Jung was a creator of modern psychology, which explains how the human mind facilitates conversations between unconscious types of energies that move within the inside of all of us. The Jungian theory is based on two separate dimensions of human unconsciousness with just one persona, and one archetype of collective human unconsciousness (www. cgjungpage. org, 02/16/13). Personal unconsci ousness is any forgotten or repressed type of content that has actually been in a person’s material or mental life. Archetypes of material in the unconsciousness humans have are described as being patterns, symbols, and specific images in which a person can see in their fantasies and dreams that also can appear to them as a theme of a certain religion or mythology in our unconscious (www. psychological-musings. blogspot. com, 02/28/11). The archetypes of images in the unconscious, Jung theorized, mold the human unconscious personality, and this bond together with certain instincts to drive the human psyche. Jung described the human consciousness molds the ego according to Jung, the ego was developed in a person because of certain human responses to their environment but also because of a need to adapt to all demands that are formed in the world that surrounds them (www. cgjungpage. org , 02/16/13). Jung described archetypal images as being the transcendent, and described this as being the transcendent function, but he also viewed one’s own wholeness of their self as a type of union together with all immanent plus transcendent types of objects (www. infoplease. com). Jung also included that there is a need for humans to have internal feelings of harmony or a need to adapt internally by homeostasis within the human consciousness and unconsciousness. The unconscious human mind is what contains the specific materials which are needed or are necessary but could prerequisite the persons psychological health, and the conscious human mind will be what assesses both a primitive/spiritual but also a demonic/divine type of nature. There are tensions towards a person’s needs to obtain fulfillment but also the need to have social types of conformity plus cultural types of realities (www. gjungpage. org, 02/16/13). In this theory Jung acknowledged that one must, or has to adapt to their own persona so that they can be able to relate to others socially, but he wrote that there is a danger in which a person could become too identified with their own persona but not with their own individual self. Only a complete individual can truly find the meaning in t heir life, since consciousness will lead to the dissociation from human unconsciousness and this will absorb into the human mass mind (www. psychological-musings. blogspot. com 2011/02). To actually achieve the individuation type processes it will require the use of certain symbols as the vehicle in which there is an irrational type of union between opposite regions of human’s consciousness and unconsciousness (www. infoplease. com). In analytical psychology, Jung attempted to combine parts of modern psychology with ancient types of religious imagery by using a symbolic form of reinterpreting the Christian but also other types of religious traditions people may have. This eliminates the dogma but maintains archetypal formed materials that are derived from the human collective unconsciousness. These specific symbols of transcendence are what will facilitate the individuals synthesis of human consciousness and unconsciousness but will also provide a base for the persons’ spiritual meaning to life (www. psychological-musings. blogspot. com, 02/28/11). Alfred Adler examined personality around the same time as Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud. Adler had many different theories of the personality but what he truly stuck with was that a single drive or motivating force behind our behavior, claiming that the desire we have to fulfill our potentials becomes closer and closer to our ideals. Adler called this theory the Individual Psychology because he thought that each person was unique and that no one person were the same in that sense. Adler’s theory included these four aspects: the development of personality, striving towards superiority, psychological health, and the unity of personality. While Alfred was studying personality he came up with the term inferiority complex, this is described as feelings of lack of worth. Alfred wrote, â€Å"We all wish to overcome difficulties. We all strive to reach a goal by the attainment of which we shall feel strong, superior, and complete† (www. ndb. com). Along with inferiority complex, there was also the superiority complex where a person tried to conquer their inferiority complex by suppressing their existing feelings. Alfred believed that each person was trying to get over their feelings of inferiority in order to obtain the superiority. Alfred also came up with that each person claimed that they had an idea of what their perfect self would be like. He names this image the fictional finalism. Fictional finalism applies clearer direction to decisions that are to be made concerning oneself. Adler also believed that the unconscious and conscious worked in union with on another towards fictional finalism (www. muskingum. edu). Adler who was not very big in grouping people into categories came up with four main types of people; three out of four are negative. There is the ruling type, who likes to control people, the getting type who is passive and goes along with everyone else’s’ ideas, and not very inventive for themselves, the avoiding type who will isolate themselves in order to avoid defeat, and last but not least, the socially useful type, values having control over their lives and strive to go things for the sake of society. From reading those four types I have a pretty good guess that the first three were negative, and the last one was a positive type. William James is known as the founder of American Psychology, but if you ever brought this up to him he would pass on it and say that Dewey was the actual founder of American Psychology. None the less he was one of the most prominent American Psychologist in American history. He was a functionalist. His technique was to ask the very important question of â€Å"why† things are the way they are. His course of study was also to find out why a person was the way they were based on their environment. James (reprint edition 1950) stated â€Å"The phenomena are such things as we call Feelings, desire, cognitions, reasoning, decisions, and the like; and, such superficially considered, their variety and complexity is such as to leave a chaotic impression on the observer† (p 2). These are the very words from William James book The Principals of Psychology. Today’s psychologists would probably not refer to these emotions as a phenomenon. Nor would today’s psychologists refer to one’s feelings as superficial. William James is described as what is known as a functionalist. Functionalists want to know â€Å"Why† why people are the way they are. While most psychologists were interested in what was going on inside a person’s mind, Mr. James was looking outside a person’s mind, taking a look at a person’s environment. This was a unique strategy for its time. What I found interesting, while reading his studies, was that he referred to our memories as being â€Å"god given† for a psychologist to think in these terms there had to be a sort of open mindedness. At the same time though, there seemed to be a sense of individualism. He was the only one thinking this way. This, to me, was actually common within all psychologists. It seems that they all thought they were the only ones thinking in these terms at that time. Mr. James also believes that just because we are aware of a situation, doesn’t necessarily mean we will remember everything that is tied to it. He believes that we must live through and actually witness or take part in an event to actually have a memory of it. Once again, this goes back to one’s environment. What is the person surrounded by. References: (2002-2013) http://www. freudfile. org/psychoanalysis/definition. html Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. (David B. Stevenson, 1998) http://www. ictorianweb. org/science/freud/biography. html http://www. infoplease. com/encyclopedia/people/jung-carl-gustav. html (02/16/13),http://www. cgjungpage. org/index. php? option=com_content;task=view;id=743;Itemid=54 (02/28/11), http://psychological-musings. blogspot. com/2011/02/theoretical-positions-of-freud-jung. html Fisher, M. (2011, May). Alfred Adler. Retrieved from: www. muskingum. edu Alfred Adler. (2012). retrieved from: www. nndb. com Who Was Alfred Adler? (2008). retrieved from: www. alfredadler. org James, William Principles of Psychology The scope of psychology Reprint Edition (June 1st, 1950) Dover Publications How to cite Theoretical Position, Papers